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Voting behaviour: 1999

1. Reasons for voting for list party.
  Communists Unity Fatherland Yabloko Right Forces Zhirinovsky Total
Like leader 21 50 46 45 34 48 24
Support programme 41 21 31 39 25 29 21
Defends my interests 40 25 26 32 19 29 21
Offers normal life 35 26 38 32 25 26 20
Have always done 43 3 10 24 7 21 13
Has a future 7 26 17 15 35 10 11
Strongest party 21 8 15 5 3 9 8
Party of young 2 19 6 11 38 9 8
Friends/family views 12 11 10 8 7 8 6
Know about them 6 3 6 6 6 8 4
Other 1 0 1 3 1 0 1
Don't know 1 2 1 1 1 - 1
Source: VCIOM pre-election polls, December 1999: total number of respondents, 6,400
Social background of Party supporters 1: VCIOM
  Communists Unity Fatherland Yabloko Right Forces Zhirinovsky
Age
18-24 5 10 10 12 25 18
25-39 17 38 29 40 37 42
40-54 26 24 25 29 23 23
55 plus 53 28 36 19 15 18
Gender
Men 48 50 44 47 42 62
Women 52 51 56 54 58 38
Education
Elementary or less 15 8 8 5 3 10
Incomplete secondary 36 24 26 16 17 26
Secondary 20 27 22 24 26 30
Vocational 18 25 21 28 29 29
Higher plus 11 16 23 27 25 5
Economic situation
Barely make ends meet 45 33 28 24 17 32
Have enough for food 40 41 46 41 44 37
Enough for food & clothes 13 23 21 30 31 --
Can buy durables easily 2 3 5 6 8 3
Can buy apartments, dachas etc. 0 -- 0 -- 0 --
Source: VCIOM pre-election polls, December 1999; total number of respondents, 6,400
Social background of Party supporters 2: NRB
  Yabloko Unity Zhirinovsky Fatherland Communists Right Forces Against all Missing/
Didn't vote		 Total
% of supporters
Eta*
0.02 Lives in village or town<10k 8 35 39 28 38 16 33 28 30
0.02 Lives in Moscow or St Petersburg 18 3 10 29 6 14 14 10 10
0.03 Trusts most people 54 56 53 61 62 68 59 60 59
0.02 Socially excluded 31 25 21 26 33 16 24 29 27
0.01 Attends church at least several times/year 19 22 9 24 22 24 33 21 21
0.06 Ethnic Russian nationality 87 88 94 77 79 88 82 81 83
0.15 Pride in Russian citizenship 76 86 90 81 86 75 76 70 78
0.08 Feels European 44 56 54 65 55 58 50 46 51
0.04 Self-perceived social status 3.66 4.26 3.94 3.97 3.58 3.87 3.78 4.01 3.95
* A measure of statistical correlation on a scale from .00 to 1.00.
Source: New Russia Barometer VIII, Fieldwork 19-29 January 2000, N=1940
3. Political attitudes and voting
  Yabloko Unity Zhirinovsky Fatherland Communists Right Forces Against all Missing/
Didn't vote		 Total
% of supporters
Eta*
0.11 Former CPSU member 10 12 10 23 19 9 1 6 11
0.03 Trusts state (scale combines Duma, courts, police) 8 17 14 17 22 15 14 13 15
0.00 Trusts unions 14 19 20 23 31 15 19 19 21
0.03 Favours military action re Russians in near abroad 13 19 27 15 22 8 15 21 20
0.19 Supports government actions in Chechnya 85 86 74 70 75 78 70 62 71
Support in Putin vs Zyuganov runoff for president:
0.26 Supports Putin 68 92 79 69 23 82 59 49 57
0.04 Supports Zyuganov 4 2 6 10 75 0 6 14 20
Positive political regime:
0.04 Before perestroika 55 69 76 68 89 57 72 73 73
0.02 Current regime 48 42 37 41 26 46 28 42 39
0.05 Regime in five years 64 71 67 71 52 77 59 62 64
Authoritarian alternatives favoured:
0.01 Communist regime 18 31 38 31 83 13 41 36 40
0.01 Army rule 5 12 7 9 13 7 9 12 11
0.04 Tough dictatorship 16 31 19 30 44 20 20 25 28
* A measure of statistical correlation on a scale from .00 to 1.00.
Source: New Russia Barometer VIII, Fieldwork 19-29 January 2000, N=1940
4. Economic divisions and voting
  Yabloko Unity Zhirinovsky Fatherland Communists Right Forces Against all Missing/
Didn't vote		 Total
% of supporters
Eta*
Micro-economic position
0.41 Total family income in past month 2618 1751 1544 1865 1412 2806 1847 2479 2111
0.10 Destitution scale (high 9) 4.2 4.3 4.7 3.8 4.8 3.8 4.4 4.1 4.3
Household economic evaluations
0.01 Current: bad 82 76 80 82 88 72 78 78 79
0.04 Past: better 61 49 49 55 68 45 68 48 53
0.03 Future: better 41 37 40 35 19 42 32 33 33
Macro-economic evaluations
0.08 Prefers private to state ownership 32 29 31 29 8 51 24 37 30
0.05 Prefers market to controls 63 54 49 50 22 65 30 47 46
Positive about economic system:
0.05 Before perestroika 70 84 79 82 94 70 88 82 83
0.06 Current system 31 30 30 33 20 41 25 34 31
0.10 System in five years 65 64 61 67 49 73 52 57 59
Blame for economic problems:
0.02 Blames Communist regime 60 59 42 53 23 71 59 55 51
0.02 Blames Yeltsin 85 80 84 84 95 72 82 81 83
0.02 Blames Western countries 36 39 35 37 57 34 43 42 43
* A measure of statistical correlation on a scale from .00 to 1.00.
Source: New Russia Barometer VIII, Fieldwork 19-29 January 2000, N=1940
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